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Lesson Plans

The American Nation: A History of the United States ©2000

by John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes

Focus Lesson 17

Chapter 22: "The Age of Reform"

AP* Course Description

Progressive Era
- Origins of Progressivism
  - Progressive attitudes and motives
  - Muckrakers
- Municipal, state, and national reforms
- Black America
  - Du Bois
  - Civil rights organization
- Roosevelt's Square Deal
  - Managing the trusts
  - Conservation
- Taft
  - Pinchot-Ballinger controversy
  - Payne-Aldrich Tariff
- Wilson's New Freedom
  - Tariffs
  - Banking reform
  - Antitrust Act of 1914

Key Components

Instructor's Manual: pp. 212–221
Study Guide, Vol. II: pp. 93–109
Test Bank: pp. 348–364

Key Web Sites

Given the changing nature of the Internet, you may wish to preview these sites. Check the Online Companion Web site for updated links to U.S. history sites.

Key Words and Terms

Progressives
muckrakers
psychoanalysis
commission government
rediscount
lobbyists
"talented tenth"
Wisconsin Idea
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Newlands Act
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
New Freedom
Clayton Antitrust Act
William "Big Bill" Haywood
Robert M. "Bob" La Follette, Sr.
George W. Norris
W.E.B. Du Bois
Isadora Duncan

"search for order"
"ashcan" artists
city manager
trustbuster
interlocking directorates
"race suicide"
McClure's
Muller v. Oregon
National Women's Suffrage Association
The Jungle
New Nationalism
Federal Reserve Act
Lincoln Steffens
Samuel M. Jones
Susan B. Anthony
Gifford Pinchot
William Monroe Trotter
Carl Sandburg

Suggested Pacing

Allow one week for teaching this chapter.

Test Strategy

In asking questions during class discussions, occasionally ask for "the most significant," "the least likely," "the most important," or "the best example" in order to give students practice in thinking in terms of qualifiers for questions and answers. While many questions on the AP* test will require a factually accurate or exact answer (something that either is or is not correct), some questions will require that students evaluate an answer on the basis of a qualifier such as most or least.

Key Concepts

Political bosses and political reform
Students should make the connection between the importance of political parties and their structure during the Gilded Age and the parallel development of a reform movement. Of key interest is the development of the spoils system on the local level and its transfer to the national government. Likewise, reform measures began on the local and state levels and moved upward to the national government.
The nature of progressivism
Students should not confuse progressivism with socialism. Some students may think that any government regulation is "socialistic" in nature. In truth, the progressives sought to make capitalism work more effectively. Socialism, on the other hand, is a political and economic philosophy that seeks to develop a classless society through public ownership of all means of production and channels of distribution.

Summing Up Student Understanding

To help students summarize the principles of progressivism, have them (either individually or with a partner) complete a table listing the key figures of the Progressive Era, their ideas and actions. Students can use the completed chart for review before taking the AP* exam.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

You might also find these additional readings useful in developing students' background knowledge or for DBQ activities:

American Issues: Vol. II Since 1865, edited by Unger and Tomes—Chapters 5 and
The Power of Words: Vol. II From 1865, edited by Breen—Chapter 6
American Experiences: Vol. II From 1877, edited by Roberts and Olson (secondary source readings)—Part Three

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