Lesson Plans

The Western Heritage ©2000

by Kagan, Ozment, and Turner

Focus Lesson 13

Chapter 21: "The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815–1832)"

AP* Course Description

1. Intellectual and Cultural History
   • Major trends in literature and the arts
   • Intellectual and cultural developments and their relationship to social values and political events
   • Developments in social, economic, and political thought
   • The diffusion of new intellectual concepts among different social groups
   • Impact of global expansion on European culture
2. Political and Diplomatic History
   • The rise and functioning of the modern state in its various forms
   • Relations between Europe and other parts of the world: colonialism, imperialism, decolonization, and global interdependence
   • The evolution of political elites and the development of political parties and ideologies
   • The extension and limitation of rights and liberties (personal, civic, economic, and political); majority and minority; political persecutions
   • The growth and changing forms of nationalism
   • Forms of political protest, reform, and revolution
   • Relationship between domestic and foreign policies
   • Efforts to restrain conflict: treaties, balance of power, diplomacy, and international organizations
   • War and civil conflict: origins, developments, technology, and their consequences
3. Social and Economic History
   • The role of urbanization in transforming cultural values and social relationships
   • The shift in social structures from hierarchical orders to modern social classes: the changing distribution of wealth and poverty
   • The development of commercial practices and their economic and social impact
   • The growth of competition and interdependence in national and world markets
   • Development of racial and ethnic group identities

Key Components

• Instructor's Manual: pp. 39–41
• Study Guide and Workbook, Vol. II: pp. 81–91
• Test Item File: pp. 111–117

Key Web Sites

• Modern History Sourcebook: Prince Klemens von Metternich
• Austria 1815–1852
• Congress of Vienna
• Delegates to the Congress of Vienna of 1815
• Revolutions of Liberal Nationalism: 1815–1848

Key Words and Terms

Suggested Pacing

Test Strategy

Key Concepts

• Liberalism/nationalism versus conservatism
  As conservatism, embodied by Metternich at the Congress of Vienna, attempted to hold on to the old order, a new order was being constructed from the ideas of liberalism and nationalism. Indeed, the more the old order tried to keep the reins of power, the more its opponents fomented revolution. Whether the advocates of change worked for enfranchisement, constitutional government, independence, or religious freedom, Europe—from Great Britain to Russia—was irrevocably altered in the early nineteenth century.
  
  
• Revolutions of the early 1800s
  Although not all liberal or nationalist movements culminated in violence, many did. Even though they were staged for a variety of reasons, revolts in Spain, Greece, Haiti, Brazil, most of Spanish America, France, and Belgium were successful. While others did not succeed, they were important because they set the stage for future change.

Summing Up Student Understanding