After the Civil War, American industry boomed. One reason for this tremendous growth was the rapid increase in the number of railways in the nation. Shrewd, energetic (and sometimes ruthless) business leaders created vast companies. A constant stream of new inventions also helped industry grow.

In the new economy workers often faced long hours, unsafe conditions, and low pay. They soon banded together to win improvements in their lives. Slowly, organized labor became a powerful new force in American society.

Additional Activities

• "Why Study History?" Activity: Have students use the Internet to explore the pros and cons of various sources of energy. (See Teacher's Edition, page 539.)
  
  
• Check out the Student Internet Activities, which focus on the work of the Carnegie Foundation and inventors.
  
  

Section 1: Railroads and Industry

Section 2: Big Business

Section 3: A Flood of Inventions

Section 4: Labor in the Age of Industry