After World War I, most Americans wanted to avoid involvement in international conflicts. However, during the 1930s, Germany, Italy, and Japan increased their military power and invaded other nations. The United States responded by gradually abandoning its policy of neutrality. After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States entered World War II.

Millions of Americans joined with troops from Britain and other allies to fight for victory. At home, civilians worked hard to support the soldiers. First, Italy was defeated, and then Germany. Finally, in 1945, the United States defeated Japan by using a new weapon—the atomic bomb.

Additional Activities

• "Why Study History?" Activity: Have students use the Internet to learn the stories of victims of Nazi persecution. (See Teacher's Edition, page 754.)
  
  
• Check out the Student Internet Activities, which focus on visual images of World War II and Pearl Harbor.
  
  

Section 1: Dictatorship and Aggression

Section 2: The War Begins

Section 3: The Home Front

Section 4: The Allies Advance

Section 5: Final Victory