The new nation faced many decisions about how it would govern itself. Everything was a fresh issue, from what the President should be called to how the nation should pay its bills. The young republic also had to meet violent challenges inside its borders and on the high seas.

In these confusing times, leaders clashed over what policies to follow. Some wanted a stronger national government. Others felt the states should have more power. Before long, two political parties formed. Despite powerful feelings on both sides, the nation successfully elected its second President and moved into the 1800s.

Additional Activities

• "Why Study History?" Activity: Have students use the Internet to explore the impact of tariffs on trade. (See Teacher's Edition, page 248.)
  
  
• Check out the Student Internet Activities, which focus on the Federal Reserve Bank and American political parties.
  
  

Section 1: Launching the New Government

Section 2: A Policy of Neutrality

Section 3: The Rise of Political Parties

Section 4: The Second President