In this chapter you will investigate plant adaptations to life on land by examining the mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and the first vascular plants. You will learn about the life cycles of these early land plants and the types of environments they most frequently inhabit.

In this chapter, you will: describe some of the adaptations plants need to survive on land identify the characteristics of the three main groups of bryophytes identify patterns of reproduction in bryophytes identify characteristics of club mosses and horsetails describe ways in which certain characteristics of mosses make these plants useful to people