Marie de France
(c. 1155–1190)

Although her writing establishes her as a storyteller of great talent, little biographical information exists about Marie de France. Her work influenced both Boccaccio and Chaucer, two esteemed writers who further developed the form of the short story during the Middle Ages. Since both her style and vocabulary indicate noble birth, scholars believe that Marie was well educated and lived in the French-speaking English court. Her name insinuates that she had strong national ties with the country of France.

Marie wrote during a transitional age and joined classical, Celtic, and Christian elements in her work. For instance, Marie's translation of Saint Patrick's Purgatory is one such work that incorporates the theme of the quest from Celtic mythology while simultaneously emphasizing Christian ideals.

Marie de France is best known for her lais, which are short stories that integrate the concept of courtly love with magical elements of past lore. Marie emphasized the importance of mutual affection in a loving relationship, rather than a match hampered by unrequited love or formed out of economic or political duty. Thus, her influential work helped to fashion a more genuine and modern notion of love.

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