Joaquin Miller
(1837–1913)

Cincinnatus Hiner Miller was born near Liberty, Indiana, though he once claimed that his cradle was "a covered wagon pointed west." His first published article was a letter in defense of the Mexican bandit Joaquin Murietta. His friends gave him the nickname "Joaquin" and he adopted it as his pen name, as his own was rather lengthy. He lived in Florida, Oregon, and California and worked as a teacher, lawyer, and journalist. Miller published two small poetry volumes in the United States in the 1860s, Specimens and Joaquin et al. Disappointed that the poetry he had written was not well received, he left for England. In London, both he and his poetry won admiration. In 1886, he returned to America to live near Oakland, California, until his death.

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