Primary Sources

Two Views of Imperialism

Kipling and Crosby


In 1899, British writer Rudyard Kipling published "The White Man's Burden." The poem suggested that imperialist powers colonized people in order to help them. His ideas became a popular defense of imperialism. In response, Ernest Crosby criticized imperialism in "The Real White Man's Burden." He makes several references to the Spanish-American War.


The White Man's Burden
by Rudyard Kipling

Take up the White Man's burden—
   Send forth the best ye breed—
Go, bind your sons to exile
   To serve your captives' need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
   On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught sullen peoples,
   Half devil and half child.

Take up the White Man's burden—
   In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
   And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
   An hundred times made plain,
To seek another's profit
   And work another's gain.

Take up the White Man's burden—
   The savage wars of peace—
Fill full the mouth of Famine,
   And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest
   (The end for others sought)
Watch sloth and heathen folly
   Bring all your hope to nought.

Take up the White Man's burden—
   No iron rule of kings,
But toil of serf and sweeper—
   The tale of common things.
The ports ye shall not enter,
   The roads ye shall not tread,
Go, make them with your living
   And mark them with your dead.

Take up the White Man's burden,
   And reap his old reward—
The blame of those ye better
   The hate of those ye guard—
The cry of hosts ye humour
   (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:—
"Why brought ye us from bondage,
   Our loved Egyptian night?"

Take up the White Man's burden—
   Ye dare not stoop to less—
Nor call too loud on Freedom
   To cloak your weariness.
By all ye will or whisper,
   By all ye leave or do,
The silent sullen peoples
   Shall weigh your God and you.

Take up the White Man's burden!
   Have done with childish days—
The lightly-proffered laurel,
   The easy ungrudged praise:
Comes now, to search your manhood
   Through all the thankless years,
Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,
   The judgment of your peers.


The Real "White Man's Burden"
by Ernest Crosby

Take up the White Man's burden;
   Send forth your sturdy sons,
And load them down with whisky
   And Testaments and guns.
Throw in a few diseases
   To spread in tropic climes,
For there the healthy [natives]
   Are quite behind the times.

And don't forget the factories.
   On those benighted shores
They have no cheerful iron-mills
   Nor eke department stores.
They never work twelve hours a day,
   And live in strange content,
Altho they never have to pay
   A single cent of rent.

Take up the White Man's burden,
   And teach the Philippines
What interest and taxes are
   And what a mortgage means.
Give them electrocution chairs,
   And prisons, too, galore,
And if they seem inclined to kick,
   Then spill their heathen gore.

They need our labor question, too,
   And politics and fraud,
We've made a pretty mess at home;
   Let's make a mess abroad.
And let us ever humbly pray
   The Lord of Hosts may deign
To stir our feeble memories,
   Lest we forget—the Maine.

Take up the White Man's burden;
   To you who thus succeed
In civilizing savage hoards
   They owe a debt, indeed;
Concessions, pensions, salaries,
   And privilege and right,
With outstretched hands you raise to bless
   Grab everything in sight.

Take up the White Man's burden,
   And if you write in verse,
Flatter your Nation's vices
   And strive to make them worse.
Then learn that if with pious words
   You ornament each phrase,
In a world of canting hypocrites
   This kind of business pays.