Porch of the Caryatids at the Acropolis in Athens
Courtesy Corel Professional Photos
Summary
Greece is a peninsula extending south into the Mediterranean Sea. This mountainous land, surrounded by the sea and scattered islands, was the home of one of the most influential ancient societies. Ancient Greek philosophy and culture still affect our lives in many ways.
Internet Activities
Click on Internet Activities at the left for help in completing the Take It to the Net activity on page 182 of your textbook. In this activity, you will learn more about the land, daily life, economy, and religion of ancient Greece.
Section 1: The Rise of Greek Civilization
Mountains and water were natural barriers separating local communities of Greek people. The ancient Greek city-states thought of themselves as separate countries and developed their own customs and beliefs.
Section 2: Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Literature
Ancient Greeks worshipped a family of gods and goddesses who, it was believed, originated and controlled all natural events. Philosophers, however, said that people could use the power of mind and reason to understand and guide their own destinies. Religion, philosophy, and politics influenced the tragedies and comedies of Greek theater.
Section 3: Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks
All Greek cities had agoras—public marketplaces—where men conducted business and politics. Greek women ran the home, managed slaves, and were responsible for the family.
Section 4: Athens and Sparta: Two Cities in Conflict
Unlike Athens, which emphasized beauty and learning, Sparta valued military strength. When some city-states controlled by Athens began to resent their treatment, they asked for help from the Spartans. This led to a war between Athens and Sparta that lasted for 27 years.
Section 5: The Spread of Greek Culture
The widespread conquests of Alexander the Great brought Greek culture to an ever-widening area. Hellenistic cities were centers of learning where scholars from around the world came to study the knowledge of the Greeks.