The Colosseum in Rome, Italy
Courtesy Corel Professional Photos
Summary
At its height, the Roman Empire was huge. Stretching from Spain to the Middle East and from Britain to Northern Africa, it was one of the largest empires ever established. The first settlers on Rome's seven hills chose the site for its natural attractions. But as centuries passed, the people of Rome discovered that their location gave them other advantages. Rome was at the center of the long, narrow peninsula we now call Italy. Italy was at the center of the Mediterranean Sea. And the Mediterranean Sea was at the center of the known Western world.
Internet Activities
Click on Internet Activities at the left for help in completing the Take It to the Net activity on page 221 of your textbook. In this activity, you will explore several periods in ancient Roman history and learn about the Roman emperors.
Section 1: The Roman Republic
The early settlers of Rome established the city along the Tiber River, which provided fertile soil and access to the Mediterranean Sea. As the civilization grew, the Romans developed a new form of government—a republic— that gave citizens the right to vote and select their leaders.
Section 2: The Roman Empire
By the time Augustus came to power, the Roman realm had spread far beyond Italy. Under Augustus and the emperors who followed, Rome gained an empire that stretched from Britain to Mesopotamia.
Section 3: Daily Life Among the Romans
The majority of Romans were poor or were slaves. To assist the poor, the government provided wheat. It also provided entertainment such as the gladiator battles that were conducted in the Colosseum. All Romans, wealthy or poor, had a strong sense of values and family life was held in the highest esteem.
Section 4: A New Religion: Christianity
The Romans tolerated many religions in the empire. Among the results of this religious freedom was a new religion that grew from the teachings of Jesus. This new religion would eventually become what we know today as Christianity.
Section 5: The Fall of Rome
Over time, the Roman Empire slowly crumbled. Weak and corrupt rulers, a mercenary army, distant territories open to attack, and economic problems all contributed to the fall of Rome.