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17
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Fig. 1-7 photographs |
Red Nebula photograph |
Delete the Red Nebula photograph. |
08-May-2001 |
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18
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Fig. 1-8 caption, line 3 |
"...several trillion or more..." |
"...several billion or more..." |
08-May-2001 |
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25
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par. 2, last three lines |
"...all directions. The fastest...of the big bang." |
"...all directions." |
08-May-2001 |
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27
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par. 2, lines 1012 |
"...called a closed universe. In a closed...100 billion years." |
"...called a closed universe." |
08-May-2001 |
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28
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1-2 Section Review, #4 |
"The German philosopher...beliefs?" |
"What can astronomers infer from the fact that other galaxies are moving away from ours?" |
08-May-2001 |
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29
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par. 2, lines 4-5 |
"...medium-sized star. Medium-sized stars make up the majority of the stars you can see in the sky. They vary..." |
"...medium-sized star. Medium-sized stars make up the majority of the stars in the sky. They vary..." |
08-May-2001 |
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29
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par. 2, lines 7-8 |
"...its size. Many of these stars are very bright. Sirius,..." |
"...its size. Sirius,..." |
08-May-2001 |
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30
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par. 1, lines 13 |
"...planet Mars. Supergiants, however, pay a price for their huge size. They die off quickly and are the shortest-lived stars in the universe." |
"...planet Mars." |
08-May-2001 |
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37
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Activity, Calculating, par. 2, lines 12 |
"...how many grams of..." |
"...how many kilograms of..." |
08-May-2001 |
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61
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Fig. 2-4 caption, lines 56 |
"...from 1979 to the year 2000 Neptune will be farther..." |
"...from 1979 to 1999, Neptune was farther..." |
08-May-2001 |
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66
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par. 4, line 6 |
"...for only a few hours. But..." |
"...for only an hour each. But..." |
08-May-2001 |
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68
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Fig. 2-11, Jupiter, Diameter (km) |
"142,700" |
"142,800" |
08-May-2001 |
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68
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Fig. 2-11, Number of Moons col. |
"Jupiter 16
Saturn 23?
Uranus 15" |
"Jupiter 17
Saturn 19
Uranus 17" |
08-May-2001 |
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69
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Fig. 2-11, Temperature col. |
"Venus 480 33
Jupiter 29,700 95" |
"Venus 460 450
Jupiter ? 170" |
08-May-2001 |
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75
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par. 1, lines 45 |
"...what is left. A hundred Earths..." |
"...what is left. About 40 Earths..." |
08-May-2001 |
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77
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par. 3, lines 34 |
"...at least sixteen moons..." |
"...at least seventeen moons..." |
08-May-2001 |
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80
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par. 4, lines 34 |
"...So far, twenty-oneand possibly two moremoons..." |
"...So far, nineteen moons..." |
08-May-2001 |
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82
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par. 4, lines 13 |
"The Voyager 2 flyby confirmed...to 1625 kilometers. Some of the..." |
"Voyager 2 discovered ten moons around Uranus in addition to the five that had already been known, and two more have recently been discovered. Some of the..." |
08-May-2001 |
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95
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par. 4, lines 34 |
"...Mars in 1975, the first time...on another planet." |
"...Mars in 1976." |
08-May-2001 |
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97
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col. 2, par. 2, lines 56 |
"...the island of Guam. It was on Guam that..." |
"...the Philippines. It was in the Philippines that..." |
08-May-2001 |
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97
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col. 2, par. 3, lines 26 |
"...by ship. And although...Earth is a sphere." |
"...by ship." |
08-May-2001 |
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110
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par. 3, line 1 |
"You can see in Figure 3-7 that the Earth's..." |
"The Earth's..." |
08-May-2001 |
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118
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par. 2, lines 1112 |
"...Then the Lunar Orbiter space probe..." |
"...Then the Luna 3 space probe..." |
08-May-2001 |
| Page |
Location |
Original |
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Date Posted |
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13
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Fig. 1-3 caption, line 3 |
"...appears to dim and disappear. When does it reappear?" |
"...becomes dimmer. When does it become bright again?" |
08-May-2001 |
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13
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par. 4, lines 34 |
"...star suddenly became dim and disappeared, only to brighten again." |
"...star became dimmer, then brightened again." |
08-May-2001 |
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14
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par. 1, line 3 |
"...reason for Algol's winking on and off." |
"...reason for Algol's dimming and brightening." |
08-May-2001 |
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14
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par. 1, lines 1112 |
"...the smaller star appears to disappear. Can you explain why it reappears again?" |
"...the smaller star becomes dimmer. Can you explain why it becomes bright again?" |
08-May-2001 |
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15
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par. 5, lines 45 |
"...Astronomers believe that almost all novas are..." |
"...Astronomers believe that novas are..." |
08-May-2001 |
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16
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par. 2, lines 34 |
"...Globular clusters, which are more common, are..." |
"...Globular clusters are..." |
08-May-2001 |
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16
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par. 4, lines 12 |
"Once you have passed what seems like a thousand or more globular clusters,..." |
"Once you have passed what seems like a hundred globular clusters,..." |
08-May-2001 |
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17
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Fig. 1-7 caption, lines 35 |
"...The photographs show the Red Nebula (right) and the Tarantula Nebula (left)." |
"This photograph shows the Tarantula Nebula." |
08-May-2001 |
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21
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1-1 Section Review |
"3. Many binary stars are called..." |
"3. Some binary stars are called..." |
08-May-2001 |
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21
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Connections, col. 1, last four lines |
"...daily. Most people read their horoscope for fun, however, not because they believe it to be true." |
"...daily. However, there is no scientific basis for astrology." |
08-May-2001 |
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21
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Connections, col. 2, last four lines |
"...used in jewelry. Under what sign...by your sign?" |
"...used in jewelry." |
08-May-2001 |
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22
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Fig. 1-13 caption, lines 1013 |
"...left). Parts of the constellation Sagittarius are seen in this X-ray photograph (bottom..." |
"...left). The remains of a supernova are seen in this X-ray image (bottom..." |
08-May-2001 |
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24
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par. 2, lines 34 |
"...together. In fact, wavelengths from an approaching star often appear..." |
"...together. Because of this, wavelengths from an approaching star appear..." |
08-May-2001 |
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25
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par. 1, lines 36 |
"Galaxies near the edge of the universe are racing away from the center of the universe at tremendous speeds. Galaxies closer to the center are also moving outward, but at slower speeds. What..." |
"Galaxies that are far from out galaxy are racing away from our galaxy at tremendous speeds. Most galaxies that are closer to our galaxy are also moving away from us, but at slower speeds. What..." |
08-May-2001 |
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26
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par. 3, lines 38 |
"But even as the galaxies were forming, the matter inside the galaxies continued to race away from the area where the big bang had occurred...All of the galaxies are speeding away from the center of the universe." |
"But even as the galaxies were forming, the clumps of matter that made up the galaxies continued to race away from the other clumps of matter...Almost all of the galaxies are speeding away from each other." |
08-May-2001 |
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26
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par. 4, lines 911 |
"So the future of an open universe is one in which there will be nothing left. An open universe leads to total emptiness." |
"An open universe will eventually become cold and dark." |
08-May-2001 |
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27
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par. 1, line 2 |
"...galaxies back toward the center of the universe." |
"...galaxies back together." |
08-May-2001 |
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27
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par. 2, lines 13 |
"As the galaxies race back toward the center of the universe, the matter and energy will again come closer and closer to the central area." |
"As the galaxies race back toward each other, the matter and energy will again come closer and closer together." |
08-May-2001 |
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27
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par. 2, lines 78 |
"...another big bang will occur. The formation of the universe will begin..." |
"...another big bang might occur. The formation of the universe might begin..." |
08-May-2001 |
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27
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par. 3, lines 15 |
"If the universe...the universe did." |
"A light-year is the distance light travels through space in one year. If an object is 1 billion light-years away from Earth, then it has taken 1 billion years for the light from that object to travel to Earth." |
08-May-2001 |
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27
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par. 4, lines 23 |
"...in the universe. They give off mainly radio waves and X-rays. The mystery..." |
"...in the universe. The mystery..." |
08-May-2001 |
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27
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par. 5, lines 13 |
"If the big...the big bang." |
"If the big-bang theory is correct, quasars were among the first objects formed after the big bang." |
08-May-2001 |
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28
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par. 1, lines 13 |
"So when scientists observe quasars, they are observing the very edge and the very beginning of the universe." |
"So when scientists observe quasars, they are observing the very beginning of the universe." |
08-May-2001 |
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29
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par. 2, lines 9-10 |
"...of the sun and is the brightest star in the night sky." |
"...of the sun. Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, mainly because it is close to the Earth." |
08-May-2001 |
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30
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Fig. 124 caption, lines 14 |
"The brightness of these stars in the Trifid Nebula, as...is called absolute brightness. What..." |
"The brightness of these stars, as...is called apparent magnitude. What..." |
08-May-2001 |
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30
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par. 4, lines 911 |
"...total little more than 4 percent..." |
"...total less than 4 percent..." |
08-May-2001 |
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30
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par. 6, line 5 |
"...the flame will burn bright yellow." |
"...the flame will glow bright yellow." |
08-May-2001 |
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33
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par. 3, lines 710 |
"Astronomers call these pulsating stars Cepheid (SEF-ee-id) variables because the first one was discovered in a group of stars called Cepheus." |
"One group of these pulsating stars is called the Cepheid (SEF-ee-id) variables because the first one was discovered in the constellation Cepheus." |
08-May-2001 |
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33
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par. 4, last three lines |
"...diagram is the single most important diagram astronomers use today." |
"...diagram is one of the most important diagrams astronomers use today." |
08-May-2001 |
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35
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par. 1, lines 23 |
"...dwarfs. These white dwarfs...than main-sequence..." |
"...dwarfs. White dwarfs...than most main-sequence..." |
08-May-2001 |
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36
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par. 2 |
"Neither brightness nor...are from Earth." |
"Another technique is often used to find the distances to galaxies. To determine the distance to a galaxy, astronomers once again use the spectroscope. As you have read, light from a star moving away from Earth has a red shift in its spectrum. Astronomers measure the amount of red shift in a galaxys spectrum and use a mathematical formula to calculate approximately how far away from Earth the galaxy is." |
08-May-2001 |
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37
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par. 2, lines 910 |
"Of course, not all the light from nuclear fusion is visible light." |
"Of course, not all the energy a star produces is heat and light." |
08-May-2001 |
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38
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par. 2, line 3 |
"It measures 1.35 million... " |
"It measures 1.392 million..." |
08-May-2001 |
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43
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par. 4, lines 411 |
"...some of the hydrogen gas...to heat up." |
"...some of the dust and gases in a nebula are pulled together by gravity. The dust and gases form a cloud within the nebula. Over millions of years, more and more dust and gases are pulled into the cloud. Compression of the gases cause the cloud to heat up. The hot contracting cloud of dust and gases is known as a protostar." |
08-May-2001 |
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44
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par. 1, lines 16 |
"...within the spinning cloud reaches...give off heat and light. At that point,..." |
"...within the protostar reaches about 10,000,0000C, nuclear fusion begins. The protostar is now a star. As a result of nuclear fusion, the star soon begins to shine and give off even more heat and light. At that point,..." |
08-May-2001 |
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45
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Fig. 1-36 caption, lines 12 |
"...This ring nebula, or planetary..." |
"...The Ring Nebula, a planetary..." |
08-May-2001 |
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45
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par. 1, lines 89 |
"...forms a ring around...This ring is..." |
"...forms a shell around...This shell is..." |
08-May-2001 |
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46
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Fig. 1-39 caption, line 1 |
"...Notice the ring of gas..." |
"...Notice the shell of gas..." |
08-May-2001 |
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47
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par. 5, lines 27 |
"...in the form of radio waves. Usually the radio waves...give off pulses of radio waves called pulsars. Thus, the end..." |
"...in the form of radio waves. The energy is given off in narrow beams. As the neutron star rotates, the beams sweep through space like the beams of light from a lighthouse. From the Earth, the passing beam looks like a regular pulse of energy. Neutron stars that appear to give off pulses of energy are known as pulsars. Thus, the end..." |
08-May-2001 |
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48
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par. 1, line 1 |
"...Nebula pulses at.." |
"...Nebula appears to pulse at.." |
08-May-2001 |
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52
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True or False, #6, lines 23 |
"...move to the center of the universe." |
"...move back together." |
08-May-2001 |
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68
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par. 1, lines 810 |
"...oceans. In fact,...detected today. Then,..." |
"...oceans. Then,..." |
08-May-2001 |
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73
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par. 1, lines 89 |
"...summer, temperatures on Mars...That, of course, is why water on..." |
"...summer, it is still very cold on Mars. Water on..." |
08-May-2001 |
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76
|
par. 4, last two lines |
"...field. The magnetic field, called the magnetosphere,..." |
"...field. Jupiter's magnetosphere..." |
08-May-2001 |
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76
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par. 4, line 1 |
"Because of the thick cloud cover, the atmospheric..." |
"Because Jupiter is so massive, the atmospheric..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
83
|
par. 4, line 5 |
"...also glows with a blue-green color." |
"...also has a blue-green color." |
08-May-2001 |
|
87
|
Fig. 2-35 caption, line 1 |
"Astronomers wonder..." |
"Astronomers once wondered..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
87
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par. 1, line 9 |
"...Astronomers have been looking for..." |
"...Astronomers once looked for..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
87
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par. 2, lines 14 |
"What if no...and Neptune? Other possibilities exist." |
"Other possibilities existed." |
08-May-2001 |
|
87
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par. 3, last line |
"...Neptune." |
"...Neptune.
It turned out that Lowell's calculations contained an error. There were no unexplained variations in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. Astronomers have concluded that there is no Planet X." |
08-May-2001 |
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87
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par. 3, lines 12 |
"Some astronomers have proposed...They suggest that..." |
"Some astronomers proposed...They suggested that..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
89
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par. 3, lines 12 |
"Most meteors burn up...to strike Earth's surface. A meteor..." |
"Most meteoroids burn up...to strike Earth's surface. A meteoroid..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
93
|
par. 5, lines 56 |
"...by gunpowder or some other solid fuel would..." |
"...by gunpowder would..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
93
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par. 6, line 1 |
"Solid fuels burn rapdily..." |
"Gunpowder burns rapdily..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
96
|
par. 3, lines 16 |
"The missions of the Voyager spacecraft...provided evidence..." |
"The mission of the Voyager 2 spacecraft was far from over with the exploration of Saturn. Continuing on past Saturn, Voyager 2 passed by and photographed Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989. Data from Voyager 2 provided evidence..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
97
|
col. 1, par. 2, lines 38 |
"...could sail around the world. In those days...off the edge of the Earth." |
"...could sail around the world." |
08-May-2001 |
|
108
|
par. 2, lines 56 |
"...elliptical orbit. The same...Southern Hemisphere." |
"...elliptical orbit." |
08-May-2001 |
|
110
|
par. 4, line 1 |
"The Earth's magnetic field..." |
"The region of space around the Earth that is affected by the Earth's magnetic field..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
119
|
32 Section Review, #1, line 1 |
"...main characteristics of..." |
"...main surface features of..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
119
|
par. 2, lines 57 |
"...the planet. According to this theory,...from the Earth. This explanation,..." |
"...the planet. This explanation,..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
123
|
par. 1, lines 12 |
"...the sun's rayseven when they do appear to be visibleand you may be blinded." |
"...the sun's rays and you may be blinded." |
08-May-2001 |
|
123
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par. 2, lines 512 |
"...the Earth's shadow. When the moon...passes through Earth's atmosphere." |
"...the Earth's shadow. Earths shadow falling on the full moon dims the moons light to a dark coppery color. This eerie reddish color results when sunlight is bent as it passes through Earths atmosphere and then strikes the moon. When only part of the moon moves through the umbra, a partial lunar eclipse occurs." |
08-May-2001 |
|
125
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par. 2, lines 23 |
"...on the oceans is partially cancelled by the sun's..." |
"...on the oceans is at right angle's to the sun's..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
127
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par. 2, lines 56 |
"...rotation rate. As a result, the satellite stays in one place above a certain point..." |
"...rotation rate. A satellite in geosnychronous orbit above the equator stays above a certain point..." |
08-May-2001 |
|
162
|
col. 1, magnetosphere |
"magnetosphere: magnetic field around a planet" |
"magnetosphere: the region of space around a planet that is affected by the plants magnetic field" |
08-May-2001 |
|
162
|
col. 1, meteorite |
"meteorite: meteor that strikes the Earths surface" |
"meteorite: meteoroid that strikes the Earths surface" |
08-May-2001 |
|
162
|
col. 2, protostar |
"protostar: new star" |
"protostar: hot contracting cloud of dust and gases" |
08-May-2001 |
|
162
|
col. 2, pulsar |
"pulsar: neutron star that gives off pulses of energy" |
"pulsar: neutron star that appears to give off pulses of energy" |
08-May-2001 |
